The partners face in opposite directions with one partner skating forward and the other partner skating backward. The partners are offset with the lead to the right or left of the follow so that the front of the lead's hip is in line with the front of the follow's corresponding hip.

An individual sixteen years of age or older who is responsible for accurate technical panel process and authorizes, corrects, deletes and adds elements to the list of elements performed during an event. Technical controllers are qualified to act on panels at or below a specified level of competition in one or more of singles, pairs, ice dance or synchronized skating.

An individual sixteen years of age or older who identifies elements and levels of difficulty of elements in competition. The technical specialist also identifies falls and illegal elements. Technical specialists are qualified to act on panels at or below a specified level of competition in one or more of singles, pairs, ice dance or synchronized skating.

The speed of the music in beats or measures per minute.

A turn executed on one foot from an outside edge to an inside edge or an inside edge to an outside edge, with the exit curve continuing on the same lobe as the entry curve. The skater turns in the direction of the curve.

A partner-assisted jump in which a skater is launched into the air by a partner on the takeoff. and lands without assistance from the partner. Throw jumps are named after the basic solo jump which is initiated and executed only by the skater being assisted. 

A general term that refers to jumps that take off with the assistance of the toe pick (i.e. Toe Loop, Flip, Lutz).

A toe jump with natural rotation that takes off from a backward outside edge; listed in the Scale of Values according to the number of rotations. 

A step where the skater steps from one toe pick to the other toe pick without jumping, with or without using rotations.

The sum of the judging panel’s scores for all sections/elements.